The knee is one of the largest and, at the same time, most vulnerable joints in our body. Its primary function is to establish a load-bearing connection between our tibia and femur. The patella (kneecap), even during the most ordinary movements, is subjected to extremely high stress – just think of activities like walking, squatting, climbing stairs, or running. However, a simple misstep can lead to the dislocation of the kneecap, causing severe pain and restricted mobility. What are the symptoms and potential causes of this highly uncomfortable injury? What treatment options are available?
Symptoms of patellar dislocation
The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a strong and flexible layer that protects the knee and is situated on the front side of the thigh bone. When touched, it can be slightly moved laterally. The patella is secured by strong ligaments that prevent it from moving in undesired directions. Its rear is covered by a flexible cartilage layer that moves in conjunction with the knee joint, providing protection during physical activities, including sports. Patellar dislocation typically occurs due to injury to this cartilage layer, resulting in
- instability,
- swelling,
- tear of stabilizing ligaments,
- limited range of motion,
- and intense, stabbing pain which is most frequently felt when we keep our knee – for example, in a seated position or during squatting – bent for an extended period.
Possible types of injury
When the kneecap is injured, dislocation commonly occurs, and in rarer cases, a fracture can also develop. In the latter case, the kneecap’s cartilage surface is completely disrupted, while in the case of dislocation, only the joint surfaces are typically affected.
However, the fact that our kneecap has not fractured does not necessarily mean that everything is fine, and it is not necessary to show the injury to a medical practitioner. If, indeed, we neglect this issue and pursue an ostrich policy, we may easily accelerate the process of cartilage degeneration. Not to mention the fact, that over time, our pains may intensify.
Causes of patellar dislocation
There can be numerous reasons for the dislocation of the patella (kneecap). It most often occurs when the lower, inner fibres of the thigh muscles weaken significantly. These fibres represent the sole inward-pulling force around the joint. Therefore, if there is a malfunction in their operation, the patella destabilizes and moves outward. This type of abnormality is known as patella lateralization.
In cases of acquired or possibly congenital joint diseases, there is a serious risk that our patella may dislocate due to improper loading. An example of such a disease is the X-leg syndrome, which can easily lead to a typical, or “habitual,” patellar dislocation due to a significant misalignment of the knee joint axis. During this, the kneecap may dislocate laterally several times a day. In fact, we are capable of correcting this injury on our own.
Other contributing factors include:
- improper position of the patella – for example, if it is too high or too low compared to the normal position,
- bunions or hammertoes,
- excessive and strenuous exercises can pose a significant risk.
Possible Treatment Options
As traditional cartilage treatment methods may not be applicable when the kneecap is dislocated, it is worth consulting with a knee specialist to discuss the issue and determine the further steps.
For a speedy recovery, the lateral release method is often employed. This involves cutting the ligament outside the kneecap either arthroscopically or via an open exploration. As a result:
- outward pulling force ceases,
- pressure on the cartilage diminishes,
- the bone can move more easily,
- consequently, the patient can experience relief as the uncomfortable knee pain subsides, allowing for smoother movement.
There is no need for concern about major post-operative complications, as this procedure typically carries minimal risks. The recovery period usually lasts up to 6 weeks, during which it is recommended to:
-
- avoid sports that heavily strain the legs, such as soccer or running.
- regularly attend physiotherapy sessions
- use a knee support that provide relief to the knee joints and moreover we can reduce the risk of further injuries.
