Tendons surrounding the joints function like elastic bands, anchoring muscles to bones, and providing stability to the joints. The ligament is flexible so it can stretch during movement while also preventing the excessive separation of bone surfaces. However, a simple misstep can often result in injuries to our ligaments, which can lead us to waive the joy of movement for months. It is worth preventing trouble in advance, as the recovery process can take several months.
The extent of ligament tear
Ligament injuries most often occur during intense sports activities. As a result of a tear, ligaments are unable to fulfil their stabilizing and connecting functions. Partial tears of the ligament can occur, but complete tears are not uncommon, requiring surgical intervention for correction. In the case of stretched ligaments, we are referring to partial tears, but even partial tears should not be taken carelessly. The ligament stretching can lead to serious complications. When a tear occurs, the joint becomes unstable, as the damaged ligament is no longer able to effectively stabilize it.
What is the cause of ligament stretching?
The primary cause of ligament stretching is a result of some forceful impact. Under such impact, the two bones can be forced apart to an extent where the connecting ligament can no longer stretch and ends up tearing. The tear is often accompanied by a distinctive popping sound with immediate sharp pain and swelling in the affected area. It is crucial to seek medical attention promptly following the injury without delay.
Strain on Ligaments during Sports and Other Accidents
Since external forces are often behind ligament tears, as mentioned, these injuries most often occur during sports activities. The ligaments of the ankle and knee are subjected to significant stress, so a single misstep is often enough to cause damage to the surface of the tendons supporting the joint, or even lead to complete tears. Sprains and dislocations often exacerbate such injuries.
Disorder or Limited Movement
There are various reasons for the overstretching of ligaments, among others improperly performed exercises, lack of physical activity, a previous injury, as well as weakness and lack of coordination in the muscles stabilizing the joint. In such cases, the ligament significantly shortens, causing the joint to become stiff and limiting its range of motion. While external factors often contribute to tight ligaments, looser ligaments are rather linked to underlying health conditions. The condition resulting from lax ligaments is essentially the opposite of tight tendons, as it leads to an excessively wide range of joint motion. Consequently, the joint becomes unstable as a result.
A previous illness can also be a contributing factor to the ligament stretching. The ligament loses its elasticity as a consequence of the illness.
What are the symptoms of ligament tear?
As the primary function of ligaments is to connect two bones and provide stability between muscles and bones, a ligament tear is indicated by the abnormal movement of the joint secured by the ligament. Additionally, several complaints may arise, such as:
- excessively stiff joint,
- overly loose joint,
- inflammation,
- shooting pain,
- swelling,
- a popping sound at the moment of injury.
How can ligament injury be treated?
As ligaments regenerate slowly, it is not sufficient to simply rest and ice the injured area. In case of a complete ligament tear, the ligament cannot regenerate on its own and it requires surgical intervention. Additionally, it is important for individuals to make efforts to facilitate the ligament’s quick recovery. After applying a cast or splint rest the affected area and avoid putting excessive strain on it under any circumstances. Furthermore, the doctor may prescribe venous exercises and physical therapy, which can also accelerate the recovery process.
How can ligament tears be prevented?
- As ligament tears most often occur during sports activities, thorough warm-up is crucial. During exercise, try to avoid sudden movements that can put excessive strain on the joints.
- Strengthen the muscles supporting the joint to enhance its stability. When exercising on uneven surface, pay attention to where you step to avoid potential hazards such as large bumps, stones, or sudden slopes.
- If overweight, try to lose weight as soon as possible, considering that the extra weight can limit the load-bearing capacity of your joints. During weight loss, engage in sports that do not further strain the joints, such as cycling, swimming, or yoga.
If ligaments in one of your joints have previously torn, it is crucial to protect it by wearing supports, such as knee support, elbow support, or ankle support.